SECTION 4

Questions 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

The role of sleep in humans and animals

Importance of sleep in animals

• Compared to those without food, animals without sleep are more likely to suffer from 31……………

• Sleep is necessary for all animals, whether they are reptiles, 32…………… or fish.

Differences in animals’ sleep and reasons for their ways of resting

♦ Dolphins

• swim to the surface when sleeping, because they need to 33……………

♦ Birds

• are constantly 34…………… in the presence of numerous predators.

♦ Horses

• do most of their sleeping standing up.

• do occasionally take short naps lying down. Lying in one position for a long time could well injure a horse, because their 35…………… are delicate.

Potential problems encountering

• Animals can also have 36……………, the same as humans.

Importance of sleep in humans

• It helps us to organise our 37…………… of the day.

• It plays a key role in 38……………

e.g.

• Because of the similar sleeping pattern to that in humans, 39…………… are studied in order to increase our knowledge of human physiology.

• Scientists choose to study the 40…………… of the fruit fly in order to know the function of the human gene and understand developmental processes in humans.