SECTION 4

Questions 31 – 40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Noise in Cities

Past research focused on noise level (measured in decibels) and people’s responses.

Noise ‘maps’

●   show that the highest noise levels are usually found on roads

●   do not show other sources of noise, e.g. when windows are open or people’s neighbours are in their 31……………

●   ignore variation in people’s perceptions of noise

●   have made people realize that the noise is a 32…………….. issue that must be dealt with

Problems caused by noise

●   sleep disturbance

●   increase in amount of stress

●   effect on the 33……………. of schoolchildren

Different types of noise

Some noises can be considered pleasant e.g. the sound of a 34……………… in a town

To investigate this, researchers may use methods from 35……………… sciences e.g. questionnaires

What people want

Plenty of activity in urban environments which are 36……………… , but also allow people to relax

But architects and town planners

●   do not get much 37…………….. in acoustics

●   regard sound as the responsibility of engineers

Understanding sound as an art form

We need to know

●   how sound relates to 38……………….

●   what can be learnt from psychology about the effects of sound

●   whether physics can help us understand the 39…………….. of sound

Virtual reality programs

●   advantage: predict the effect of buildings

●   current disadvantage: they are 40……………..